@article{ author = {Salehi, Kamal and Maleki, Afshin and Shahmoradi, Behzad and Mansouri, Borhan and Gharibi, Fardi}, title = {Investigation of Photocatalytic degradation of reactive black5 dye using ZnO-CuO nanocomposite}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Aim: Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are widely used for the removal of recalcitrant organic dyes from industrial and municipal wastewater. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the degradation of reactive black 5 using ZnO ZnO-CuO nano composite as a catalyst in the presence of UV light. Material and Methods: This research was an experimental study and performed at laboratory scale. The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscope) SEM). The effects of parameters on the photocatalysis process such as initial dye concentration, photocatalyst dose and pH were also studied. Result: Results showed that the degradation rate decreases as the initial reactive black5 (RB5) concentration increases. Also photocatalyst dose and pH results showed that the degradation efficiency of RB5 was carried out effectively at an initial pH 5 and photocatalyst dose 1.2 respectively, while increasing the pH and photocatalyst dose causes a decrease of the removal rate. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the photocatalytic process of ZnO-CuO/UV nanocomposite could be suitable technique for degradation of dyes and environmental pollution from effluents.}, Keywords = {Dye, photocatalyst, zinc oxide, ZnO-CuO nanocomposite, UV light}, volume = {15}, Number = {46}, pages = {66-74}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-30-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-30-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Farahani, Farzaneh and Permeh, Parisa and Nasiri, Somayeh and GohariKakhaki, Ahmad Reza and MohamadGharachik, Baiyram and Sohrabipoor, Jelveh}, title = {Biological properties of Brown algae in Northern Coast of Persian Gulf}, abstract ={AbstractBackground and Aim: The widespread use of antibiotics leads to resistant strains of microorganisms and antibiotic resistance is increasing throughout the world, therefore, access to new sources of drugs with fewer side effects is important. This paper examines the effects of biological extracts of ethylacetate, methanol and methanol-water of Colpomenia sinousa and Iyengaria stellata in the Northern coast of the Persian Gulf. Methods: In this study after sampling, antibacterial effects of extracts of Colpomenia sinousa and Iyengaria stellata collected from Persian Gulf on a strain of bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus(gram-positive) and E.coli (gram-negative), Pseudomonas aeruginosa examined and the results were compared with standard antibiotics. Extraction was performed using percolation method. Antibacterial effects (MIC) of the extracts were determined. Results: Results of the dilution tests showed, the algal extracts had antibacterial effect and among the extracts, ethyl acetate extracts of Iyengaria stellata (MIC> 2/5 mg / ml) compared to the positive control against three strains of bacteria, have the greatest effect (p <0/05). Conclusion: All three extracts, ethyl acetate, methanol and methanol-water of Colpomenia sinousa and Iyengaria stellata Showed antibacterial effects of Persian Gulf Coast, ethyl acetate extract of Iyengaria stellata greatest effect on each of the three strains of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (PTCC: 1112), E coli (PTCC: 1338), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PTCC1707) and showed that there was significant difference with the positive control (p <0.05).}, Keywords = {Biological properties, Brown algae, Persian gulf}, volume = {15}, Number = {46}, pages = {59-65}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-29-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-29-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Faraji, Kobra and Neamatzade, Soada and Saboori, Hojatollah}, title = {Radiation effect on the number of circulating blood cells in patients receiving radiation therapy in Tohid hospital of Sanandaj in 2014}, abstract ={AbstractBackground and Aim: Bone marrow suppression as a serious complication of radiotherapy induces leucopenia or neutropenia that results to hospitalization and antibiotic therapy. There is considerable controversy in scientific literature regarding the need to monitor the complete blood count of patients undergoing radiation therapy. While some advocate weekly examination of the peripheral blood, others deem it unnecessary. Since reduction in the number of blood cells has considerable effect on the treatment outcome, this study evaluates the effect of radiation therapy on the number of blood cells.Methods and Materials: This study designed as a retrospective descriptive study of pre- and post-treatment evaluation. The mean ages of patients was 56 years, and with a mean dose of 52 Gy in 28 fractions were treated. 170 patients who had received radiation therapy, evaluated by comparing the mean count of the circulating blood cells before, during and after therapy. For this purpose the average of hemoglobin, Platelets, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils and white blood cell count were recorded and analyzed. Results: there was a significant relationship Between age and the reduction in white blood cells, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets (p<0/05). also, there was a significant relationship between white blood cells with total dose and number of fractions ,platelets and hemoglobin with duration of treatment and neutrophils with total dose ,number of fractions and duration of treatment(p<0/05). Reduction of blood cells and the need for blood transfusions and injections of PDG was higher in patients with a mean high age. Decline in WBC in the cases had direct relation with total dose and number of fractions. Reduction of hemoglobin and platelet count was more closely related to the duration of treatment and PMN rate in these patients was associated with all of the above.concurrent or prior chemotherapy and gender had no significant relationship with changes in blood cells. Conclusion: It can be concluded that radiotherapy leads to a reduction in the amount of blood cells .this reduction depends on some factors such as age, duration of treatment, the number of fractions and the total dose.}, Keywords = {Radiotherapy, CBC, anemia, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, total dose, number of fractions}, volume = {15}, Number = {46}, pages = {49-58}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-28-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-28-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mohammadnabizadeh, Sahar and Pourkhabbaz, Alireza and Afshari, Rez}, title = {Concentrations of Cu and Zn in the edible tissues of two fish species Liza klunzingeri and Sillago sihama collected from Hara biosphere in Iran}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Aim: Anthropogenic processes, in particular industrial, continuously increase the amount of heavy metals in the environment, especially in aquatic ecosystems. On the other hand, organs of aquatic animals may accumulate heavy metals when exposed to toxic concentrations. Several toxic elements can be bioaccumulated via the food chain and finally be assimilated by human marine food consumers involving health risks. In order to determination the heavy metals concentration (Zn, Cu) in muscle tissues of two edible fishes Pampus argenteus and Liza klunzingeri were collected from mangrove conservation area located in the Hormozgan province of Iran. Methods: In this investigation, 72 fish of the Liza klunzingeri and 54 fish of the Pampus argenteus were captured for determination the heavy metals concentration in muscle tissues. Results were expressed as microgram of metal per gram. Metal analyses were performed using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (model AA3030 Perkin Elmer). Statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS statistical package program. Results: Metal concentrations average in the muscle were 6.69 and 0.92 micrograms per gram in the Pampus argenteus and 3.5 and 0.55 micrograms per gram in the Liza klunzingeri respectively. Also, the results show that the mean concentrations for metals were lower compare to international standards. Conclusion: The present results showed that, these fishes, based on the lower levels of metal accumulation, could be safe for human consumption.}, Keywords = {Heavy metals, muscle, fish, pollution}, volume = {15}, Number = {46}, pages = {40-48}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-27-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-27-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rahimi, Leila and Ahmadean, Hamzeh and Moslemi, Bakhtear and Ghaderi, Naseh and khoshroei, Moham}, title = {The efficacy of mindfulness based stress reduction on the procrastination reduction Nurses city of Marivan}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Aim: procrastination as a habitual behavior that is considered common in various societies and growing trend that is widespread. This study evaluated the effectiveness of training in Mindfulness -based stress reduction on reducing procrastination nurses Festival and Bu in Marivan city, was discussed. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental pre -test - post-test control group. Groups were instructed to 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Results: ANCOVA on the scores of pre-test - post-test indicated that Mindfulness -based stress reduction training groups and the control group there was a significant difference in procrastination. Conclusion: Results can say Mindfulness -based stress reduction training for nurses is effective in reducing procrastination.}, Keywords = {Stress reduction, mindfulness, procrastination}, volume = {15}, Number = {46}, pages = {29-39}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rahimi, Leila and validipack, Azar and khoshroei, Mohamad and Ghaderi, Naseh}, title = {Comparison of attachment styles and marital satisfaction in the city of Marivan citizens}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Aim: One of the factors affecting the stability and reliability of family and marital satisfaction and mental health while his wife and children. Several factors led to the marriage of marriage together. The purpose of this study was to compare the different styles of attachment is marital satisfaction. Methods: The purpose of basic research in terms of how to collect descriptive analysis was performed in the framework of a project. Statistical populations of all citizens living in Marivan city 100 of them 48 women and 52 men are chosen by purposive sampling were analyzed. And voluntarily to the Adult Attachment Questionnaire Hazen and objects around and marital satisfaction questionnaires responded. To analyze the data, t-test and one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe test was used. Results: Marital satisfaction was higher in women (0/05), higher levels of marital satisfaction in safe and unsafe Scheffe's test results showed that marital satisfaction among people with secure attachment of individuals with ambivalent attachment style was higher between marital satisfaction and avoidance of unsafe ambivalent been different. Conclusion: The findings show the importance of early transition experiences in the family is that these experiences can affect marital satisfaction.}, Keywords = {Marriage, Attachment styles, Marital satisfaction}, volume = {15}, Number = {46}, pages = {19-28}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-25-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-25-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Charkhpour, M and Parvizpur, A and Namjo, Z and Moradi, S and Hassanzadeh, K}, title = {Evaluation the effect of central A2a receptor inhibition on morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats}, abstract ={AbstractBackground and Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of antagonist of A2a receptore on morphine withdrawal syndrome in male rat.Method: Male wistar rats (200-250 gr) were selected randomly and divided into six groups (n=8). Morphine was administered twice a day for nine days (day 1: 5mg/kg/12h, day 2,3: 10mg/kg/12h, day 4,5: 15 mg/kg/12h, day 6,7: 20mg/kg/12h, day 8,9: 25 mg/kg/12h). SCH-58261)40, 80, 160µg/5µl/Rat) injected interacerebroventricular on 9th day, 30 minute after the last dose of morphine. Tirtheen minutes later, naloxone (4mg/kg, ip) injected and the withdrawal signs (Rearing, Genital Grooming, Abdomen Writhing, Teeth Chattering and Wet Dog Shake) were recorded for 60 minutes. Result: Results showed that chronic morphine administration for nine days induced morphine dependency and naloxone injection percipitated withdrawal symptoms in dependent rats. Also the results indicated that intracerebroventricular administration of A2a receptore antagonist (SCH-58261) reduced all morphine-induced withdrawal symptoms.  Conclusion: In conclusion we found that central injection of SCH-58261 as an A2a receptore antagonist decreased morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats.}, Keywords = {Intracerebroventricular, morphine, SCH-58261, withdrawal symptoms}, volume = {15}, Number = {46}, pages = {8-18}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-24-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-24-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mansouri, Borhan and Ariyaee, Masoumeh and Rezaei, Zahe}, title = {Evaluation of bioaccumulation of lead and cadmium in the muscle tissue of slaughtered cow in Sanandaj City}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Environment pollution by heavy metals has become a worldwide issue during recent years due to their toxicity, long persistence, accumulation in the food chain and the potential for human exposure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine concentrations of lead and cadmium metals in the muscles of cow slaughtered in Sanandaj city in 2014. Materials and Methods: The study was cross- sectional. A total of 40 muscle individuals belonging to cow was collected for determine of lead and cadmium in the muscle. Metal concentrations in the muscle were given as µg g-1 wet weight. Metal concentrations were assayed using Shimadzu AA 6600 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 16 SPSS, Chicago, IL).Results: The mean concentration of lead in the muscle of cow was 15.5 mg/kg. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the cadmium concentration in the muscle of cow was 12.8 mg/kg.  Conclusion: According to results of this study, the metal concentration in the muscle samples was generally lower than the maximum acceptable concentration in European Commission (EC).}, Keywords = {Pollution, heavy metals, cow}, volume = {15}, Number = {46}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mohammadzadeh, Neshat and Vaezi, Ghazal and Ramezani, Zana and Rezaei, Mohammad Jaafar and Moradi, Ghobad and Roshani, Daem}, title = {Defined under the factors related to the effectiveness of teaching according to comments of Medical Sciences Students of Kurdistan University in 2013-2014}, abstract ={AbstractBackground and Aim: Teaching is the process of transmission material by the teacher to the student based on the systematic and objective and specified program. Determine the effectiveness of teaching is the access level of professor to educational goals. Therefore, the aim of this study is defined under the factors related to the effectiveness of teaching according to comments of medical sciences students of Kurdistan University in the year 92-93. Materials and Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study that in the spring and summer of 93 was performance on 442 of Medical Sciences students of Kurdistan University that were choose randomly. Data collection tools were a questionnaire with 17 variables that included of demographic data and the most important factors related to effectiveness of teaching. In 5 domains that included of: Teaching Methods, Scholarships, methods of evaluation, Ability to communicate and Transfer content and individual characteristics. Descriptive purposes or Descriptive Statistics like mean and standard deviation and analytical purposes was tasted by, t-test, one way ANOVA, PEARSON Solidarity and SPSS22 Software. Results: The results of this study showed that from the perspective of the students in the area of teaching methods Allocate appropriate time with 61.5%, in the field of scholarship Master's degree with 58.5%, in the field of communication and transfer of contents Understandable language teaching and Official Languages with 64.7%, in the field of personal characteristics Lack of cultural discrimination gender and science with 62% and the field of the assessment Match the questions with the course content with 61.9% had most important. Conclusions: According to results of this study were more focused on the importance of individual characteristics in effectiveness of professor teaching that It shows Selection of university teachers should be based on having the required features for effective teaching. Also, using appropriate teaching methods, strengthening personal character and scholarships can be helped to improve the effectiveness of teaching and finally improve the quality of education.}, Keywords = {Teaching effectiveness, Personal Characteristics, Teaching methods, Students}, volume = {15}, Number = {45}, pages = {67-75}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-38-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-38-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Salehi, Kamal and Shahmoradi, Behzad and Maleki, Afshin and Mansouri, Borhan and Gharibi, Fardi}, title = {Application of artificial neural network to modeling and optimization of removal of acid black1 using TiO2-Ni nanocoposite}, abstract ={ABSTRACTBackground and Aim: Artificial Neural Network is non-liner mapping structure based on the function of the human brain. They are powerful tools for modelling, especially when the underlying data relationship is known. So, the aim of this study was the used of artificial neural network to modelling and optimization of removal of acid black1 using TiO2-Ni nanocoposite. Material and Methods: This study was an applied research in which TiO2-Ni nanocoposite was synthesized and its chemical properties was evaluated by SEM. For experiments design, predicting, and modeling dye removal were used taguchi method, Artifial Nerual Network (ANNs).  Result: The results showed that network with tan sigmoid transfer functions, Levenberg –Marquardt algorithm, one hidden layer and four neuron in hidden layer estimated better removal dye of acid black1. Conclusion: It is concluded that ANN model can estimate the behavior of the photocatalyst process under different experimental conditions.}, Keywords = {Acid Black 1, Artificial Neural Network, TiO2-Ni Nanocoposite.}, volume = {15}, Number = {45}, pages = {56-66}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-37-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-37-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Farahani, Farzaneh and Khoshnodi, Reza and Saeidi, Reza and Mokhlisi, Ami}, title = {Biosorption of copper (II) from aqueous environments by brownalgaePadinasp. and Colpomeniasp.: Investigation of adsorption isotherms}, abstract ={ABSTRACTBackground and aims: Biosorption is an emerging technology for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. The major advantages of this technique are the reusability of biomaterial, low operating cost, improved selectivity for specific metals of interest, short operation time and no production of secondary compounds which might be toxic. Therefore, the aims of this study were to biosorption of copper (II) from aqueous environments by brown algae Padina sp. and Colpomenia sp. in a batch system. Methods: Freundlich, Langmuir, Freundlich-Langmuir, and Redlich-Peterson models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of copper (II) from aqueous environments by Padina sp. and Colpomenia sp.biomass. Moreover, isotherm experiments were conducted in initial ion concentrations 0.05-5 mm.  Results: The isotherm dataof copper (II) biosorption by both Padina sp. and Colpomenia sp. were found to be in the best fitness with the Redlich-Peterson equation (R2> 0.986). According to the Langmuir model, the maximum uptake capacities (qm) of copper (II) by Padina sp. and Colpomenia sp. were determined to be 1.06 and 0.97 mm, respectively. Conclusion: This investigation indicated that the studied algae had a high potential for full scale application for removal of copper (II) from industrial wastewater.}, Keywords = {Biosorption, Copper (II), Padina sp. Colpomenia sp, Isotherm}, volume = {15}, Number = {45}, pages = {42-55}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-36-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-36-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Shakib, Pegah and Lavakhamseh, Hamid and Mohammadi, Bahm}, title = {The prevalence of nosocomial infection in ICU, Besat Hospital, Sanandaj City, Iran}, abstract ={ABSTRACT  Introduction: Nosocomial infection usually occurs 48 hours after being admitted to hospital and a variety of bacteria are involved in the occurrence of these infections. The highest rates of nosocomial infection in intensive care are allocated between different segments. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit. Methods: The study was done in intensive care unit (ICU) in hospital in Sanandaj, in 2012-13 in patients that were hospitalized more than 48 hour based on CDC definition of nosocomial infection. Causative bacteria were isolated and identified with standard laboratory tests. Results: Patients who were admitted to hospital and more than 48 hours in ICU, 77 patients had nosocomial infections. Of these, 12.5, 6.3, 15, 7, 6, 14, 7 and 2 respectively, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter were isolated. Thus most of the isolated bacteria were Acinetobacter and Klebsiella isolates in the intensive care unit. Conclusion: The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care departments to identify factors causing these infections and identify weaknesses in the care of hospitalized patients is very important points in this section.}, Keywords = {Nosocomial infection, intensive care unit, prevalence}, volume = {15}, Number = {45}, pages = {36-41}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-35-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-35-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mansouri, Borhan and Majnoni, Farshid and Maleki, Afshin and Rezaei, Zahed and Azadi, Namamali and Gharibi, Fardi}, title = {Bioaccumulation of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in the muscle, gill, liver, and skin of common carp (C. carpio) and silver carp (H. molitrix) in Gheshlagh Dam in Sanandaj City}, abstract ={ABSTRACTBackground: Contamination of aquatic ecosystems (e.g. lakes, rivers, streams, etc.) with metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful effects on human health and other organisms in the environment. Therefore, the aims of this study was investigation of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu bioaccumulation in the muscle, liver, gill, and skin of common carp (C. carpio) and silver carp (H. molitrix) in Gheshlagh Dam in Sanandaj City. Materials and Methods: The study was cross- sectional. A total of 30 fish individuals belonging to of common carp and silver carp were analyzed for Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Fe in the edible muscle, gill, liver, and skin organs, metal concentrations in the organs were given as µg g-1 wet weight. Metal concentrations were assayed using Shimadzu AA 6600 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 16 SPSS, Chicago, IL). Results: The results of this study showed that the highest and lowest metal concentrations were in gill and skin respectively. Moreover, the results of one-way ANOVA in two species showed that the difference was significant in Cd, Pb and Zn in the liver Zn in the gill Pb, Cr, and Zn in the muscle and Pb, Ni, and Zn in the muscle of both species (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the metal concentrations (exception Pb in H. molitrix) in muscle of common carp (C. carpio) and silver carp was lower than FAO standard, that these two fish species are health.}, Keywords = {Pollution, Cd, Pb, Fish, Gheshlagh Dam}, volume = {15}, Number = {45}, pages = {26-35}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-34-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-34-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Hashemi, SA and Rashidipour, M and Rahimi, A and Ghiasvand, A and Hosseini, F}, title = {A study of the pollution of ten popular medicinal plants by heavy metals in Khoramabad (Iran)}, abstract ={ABSTRACTBackground and Aim: Nowadays, pollution of soil and water resources by heavy metals has become a serious and extending problem. These pollutions may be absorbed by different agricultural products including medicinal plants and they may be consumed by humans. Due to the increasing use of medicinal plants, it is worth studying the possibility of pollution of these plants by heavy metals. The goal of this study is to investigate the pollution of popular medicinal herbs in Khoramabad by heavy metals.  Materials and Methods: Twenty three samples from ten medicinal plants with different origins were purchased from herbal medicine markets in Khoramabad. The heavy metals were extracted from the samples by leaching with nitric acid. Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and Hg was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Results & Conclusion: The results of the determination of heavy metals in the medicinal plants showed no evidence of a significant pollution of the samples by Cr, Cu, Pb and probably Hg. All the concentrations of these metals were beyond the dangerous levels. For Cd, on the other hand, some significant contaminations were observed in three of the studied samples.}, Keywords = {Medicinal plants, heavy metals, Khoramabad}, volume = {15}, Number = {45}, pages = {17-25}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-33-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-33-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Shahbazi, Babak and Narenji, Hanar}, title = {Comparison of four methods of DNA extraction from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria}, abstract ={AbstractBackground and Aim: DNA extraction is the first step in the genetic engineering research and obtains a suitable protocol for the preparation of a purified DNA which is essential. In this context, many manual and kit methods were provided. The aim of this study is to achieve a faster and low cost method for DNA extraction of Gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. We compared four DNA extraction methods, Kit extraction, phenol chloroform, using detergent laundry brand tag and boiling. Materials and Methods: In this study, bacterial suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae were produced similar to McFarland 0.5 turbidity. Bacterial DNA was extracted using four different methods and three times for each. Using spectrophotometer and gel electrophoresis were measured concentrations and quality of DNA extraction product accordingly. In order to evaluate the efficiency of DNA extraction method, PCR, ERIC PCR and REP-PCR were performed on some of housekeeping genes downstream regions. Results: The concentration of the extracted DNA and results of PCR, ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR were different between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria significantly (P< 0.05). ERIC PCR and REP-PCR efficiency of the boiling and chloroform extraction methods was disrupted only in ERIC PCR. No deficiency was observed in Sinagen kit method. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that despite the availability and lower cost of manual methods, these methods can be substitute for kit method.}, Keywords = {PCR, REP-PCR, ERIC PCR, Bacterial DNA extraction}, volume = {15}, Number = {45}, pages = {9-16}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-32-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-32-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mansouri, Borhan and Johari, Seyed Ali}, title = {The effect of colloidal silver nanoparticles on histopathology of zebra fish (Danio rerio) gill}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Aim: Nowadays, due to the wide applications of silver nanoparticles increased them into the environment. In this context, the arrival of these nanomaterials to the environment has the potential to impact on living organisms, including fish. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the effect of silver nanoparticles on gill histological of zebra fish (Danio rerio).Methods: In this study, three non-lethal concentrations of silver nanoparticles were used that included 0.25, 0.1, and 0.05 mg/l also control group was considered. For studies of classic histological, the samples were prepared and stained by haematoxylin - eosin, and finally was imagined by light microscopy. Results: Histopathological studies of gill tissue showed that the silver nanoparticles on gill tissue cause some impact such as secondary bending blades, blades secondary hypertrophy, increased mucus secretion, fusion in the secondary lamellae, hyperplasia and eventually necrosis increases. Although histological changes in gill tissue were observed in all groups, but the severity of these changes increased with increasing concentration of silver nanoparticles.Conclusion: Due to changes in zebra fish gill tissue at different concentrations of silver nanoparticles in comparison with the control group, such as hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and ultimately necrosis, it can be said that silver nanoparticles can have considerable effects on fish gill tissue. Pathology studies can be simple and convenient tool to assess the impact of environmental pollutants on fish used.}, Keywords = {Histopathology, hypertrophy, necrosis, silver nanoparticles, zebra Fish}, volume = {15}, Number = {45}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-31-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-31-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mansouri, Borhan and BaramakiYazdi, Rahimeh}, title = {Study of water physic-chemical parameters in central part Qanats of Birjand}, abstract ={ABSTRACTBackground and aim: Water is one of the most important limiting factors to receive sustainable development, in addition to, if it is at dangerous to its quality limit. The objective of this study was to determine water quality in central part Qanats of Birjand.  Materials and Methods: For this reason, factors of ammonia, hardness, calcium, magnesium and, also nitrite, chlorine, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH were measured in four regions. Physico-chemical parameters concentrations in the water samples were analyzed using Palintest. Also, a Pearson correlation (r) was used to identify any relationships between parameters. Results: The results of this study showed that mean concentrations of total hardness, ammonia and calcium were found to be range 490-504, 0.1-0.2 and 85-125 mg/L, respectively. Concentration of nitrite, chlorine and magnesium were determined at range 0.05-0.09, 0.09-0.30 and 39-42 mg/L, respectively. Also, concentration of temperature and pH were measured at range 20.1-21.2 °C and 7.5-8.2, respectively. The results showed that between the temperature and nitrite concentration in different regions observed there were significant correlation (p<0.05). Conclusion: according to our results, total of physic-chemical parameters of water samples in central part Qanats of Birjand was lower than the health standards and no problem to use for human.}, Keywords = {Qanat, physic-chemical parameters, water hardness, water quality}, volume = {15}, Number = {44}, pages = {68-74}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Zaboli, Fatemeh and GholampourAzizi, Issa and Rouhi, Samaneh and Azimi, Mahs}, title = {Determination of aflatoxin in wheat flour samples by ELISA in Chalus city (Mazandaran province)}, abstract ={ABSTRACTBackground and Aim: Wheat is the main cereal that is used in Iran and in the world. Afla-toxin contamination of these products has an important role in human health. Eating contami-nated product causes of acute and chronic diseases in humans and animals.  Material and Methods: In this study, 22 samples of wheat flour were randomly collected from different bakeries in Chalus city. Aflatoxin B1 contamination was measured by ELISA method. For statistical analysis, SPSS software and statistical tests: correlation, t-test and ANOVA were used. Results: The results indicated that all samples of wheat flour every 22 samples were contami-nated with aflatoxin B1. The minimum and maximum levels of aflatoxin B1 in raw wheat flour were 1.1 and 10.6 ppb, respectively.Conclusion: Aflatoxin cause economic losses to the industry and risk for health of consumers. So reduction of Aflatoxin in food should be considered.}, Keywords = {Aflatoxin B1, wheat flour, ELISA, Chalus}, volume = {15}, Number = {44}, pages = {60-67}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-47-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-47-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Dorudian, P. and Maghsoudi, S. and Bahmani, N and Menbari, Sh.}, title = {Antibiotic resistance of non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli (Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter) in patients admitted to the Basat and Towhed Hospitals in Sanandaj City in 2007-2008}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance in different groups of bacteria is a major problem in the treatment of various infections. Survey prevalence of antibiotic-resistant and monitoring this bacteria will improve the conditions of patients with bacterial infections. Materials and Methods: In this study we examine the record results resistance patterns and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from Besat and Tohid hospitals in Sanandaj within a year. The prevalence of resistance in the two families of Pseudomonas bacteria and Acinetobacter were evaluated. Results: Of 10,000 clinical specimens were referred to Sanandaj’s Hospitals, 60 strains of non-fermentative gram-negative bacteriawhich P. aeruginosa with 66/41%, other Pseudomonas species with 40% and Acinetobacter 33/18%were isolated. Conclusion: for effective treatment of severe infections caused by these bacteria, it is necessary to combination therapy with an aminoglycoside antibiotic and synthetic penicillins such Ticarcillin or Piperacillin.}, Keywords = {Antibiotic resistance, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter}, volume = {15}, Number = {44}, pages = {54-59}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-46-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-46-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Saleh, Fatemeh and Azizi, Hossein and Soleimannejad, Soheila and Azizi, Maryam and Shakib, Pegah}, title = {Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing Metallo-β-Lactamases from patients in Shohadaye- Ashayer hospital, Khorramabad}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infections in hospitals. It involves in burn wound, respiratory, people with genetic disease cystic fibrosis, bacterimia, septicemia and other infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa by producing metallo-β-lactamase, can hydrolyze most of β-lactam antibiotics, showing resistance to various antimicrobial agents.Thus, according to numerous reports of existence of this resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the purpose of this study was to detect the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are resistant to metallo–β- lactamase. Material and Methods: 47 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients admitted to Shohadaye Ashayer hospital, Khorramabad. Then isolates were identified with routine tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by Disk-Diffusion method. All isolates were screened for metallo- β-lactamase production by double disk synergy test (DDST). Results: In this study, 51.7, 6.8, 58.6, 65.5, 51.06 and 51.7% of the strains were resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem and meropenem, respectively. Out of the 47 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates 24 (51.06%) strains were resistant to imipenem. Among which 19 strains were positive for metallo-β-lactamase by DDST method. Conclusion: High prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase producing strains showed that testing to detect metallo-β-lactamase production is essential along with antibiotic susceptibility testing in health centers.}, Keywords = {Metallo-β lactamase, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Inpatients}, volume = {15}, Number = {44}, pages = {48-53}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-45-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-45-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mossavi, SP. and Ehrampoush, MH. and Mahvi, AH.}, title = {The evaluation of removal of Humic Acid in acidic condition from aqueous solution by Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes}, abstract ={ABSTRACTBackground and Aim: The presence of humic acid in water resources is the most health problems of many communities. There are various methods for decreasing or removing of humic acid that is in water resources and is one of the Trihalomethanes (THMs) precursors. The aim of this study is investigation of the use of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) as adsorbent at humic acid adsorption process in acidic conditions from aqueous solution.Material and Methods: This experimental study has done in batch system that the effects of Variations such as humic acid concentration, dose of nanotubes and contact time has investigated in removal of humic acid and adsorption Kinetics and isotherm has investigated too.  Results: results of this study show that by increasing of adsorbent dose from 0.2 to 1 gr, removal efficiency of humic acid with 10 mg/l initial concentration had increased from 92.5 to 100 %. By decreasing of humic acid initial concentration from 30 to 5 mg/l removal efficiency had increased from 96 to 100 % after 3 hours. This study also had determined that appropriate time for receiving to equalization state of humic acid adsorption is 3 hours. Maximum surface adsorption of humic acid at acidic pH (pH = 4) was 48 mg/gr.  Conclusion: Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes due to large surface area, small size, exclusive network arrangement and in consequence very high reactivity and noticeable performance as adsorbent in removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solution, could be effective for removal of humic acid.}, Keywords = {Single walled carbon nanotubes, humic acid, surface adsorption, water}, volume = {15}, Number = {44}, pages = {37-47}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-44-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-44-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {KurdMostafapour, F. and Bazrafshan, E. and Rezaei, H.}, title = {Survey of efficiency Pumice stone for decolorization of dye direct blue 71 from aqueous solutions}, abstract ={ABSTRACTBackground and Aim: Colored wastewater treatment is one of the major challenges facing environmental engineering. Adsorption process for the removal of pollutants from wastewater is one of the most important methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of inorganic adsorbents for the removal of pumice is blue 71 from aqueous solutions. Material and Methods: This experimental study - which Asrmtghyyrhay laboratory pH (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12), adsorbent concentration (9, 7, 5, 3, 1, 0.8, 0.5, 0.2) g/l and initial dye concentration (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 250) ppm and contact time (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180) at 4 ° C (25, 30, 35, 40) ° C isotherm model and the adsorption efficiency was investigated. Results: Maximum removal efficiency at pH=2, adsorbent dosage 5 g/l, primary concentration or dye 40 mg/l, and contact time 80 min and s 25 oC % 98.88 was achieved. By increase pH and primary concentration or dye efficiency of adsorption was decreased and By increase adsorbent dose efficiency of adsorption was increased and at S 25 oC and 30 oC By increase contact time 80 min efficiency of adsorption was increased and later was decreased and at S 35oC and 40 oC By increase contact time 60 min efficiency of adsorption was increased and later was decreased. The results show that in all four temperatures, equations of Freundlich isotherm models will follow. Absorption coefficient model for S 25 oC (R2=0.977), 30 oC (R2=0.966), 35 oC (R2=0.924), 40 oC (R2=0.963). Conclusion: This study showed that the mineral pumice efficient adsorbent for removing blue from aqueous solutions is 71.}, Keywords = {Adsorption, pumice, Zahedan, blue 71}, volume = {15}, Number = {44}, pages = {24-36}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-43-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-43-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mansouri, Borhan and Mosavi, Seyede Parvin and Salehi, Kamal and Gharibi, Fardi}, title = {Comparison of efficiency of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in removal of Acid Yellow 17 dyes from aqueous solutions}, abstract ={ABSTRACTBackground and Aim: Dyes are organic materials with complex structures and nonbiodegredable properties that there are in variety industrial effluent such as Textile Industry and one of the main pollutants in the environment are considered. So, the aim of this study was to survey the feasibility application of Multi walled carbon nanotubes and single walled carbon nanotubes as sorbent and Comparison those for the removal of Acid Yellow 17 dye from aqueous solutions. Material and Methods: This experimental study was performed in a laboratory scale and the influence of process variables such as pH, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage (Multi walled carbon nanotubes, single walled carbon nanotubes) on removal of Acid Yellow 17 were studied and finally, correspondence rate of data to Langmuir and freundlich isotherms were determined.  Result: The adsorption experiments indicated that the dye removal decreased with increasing the dye concentration and pH, also result indicated that removal efficiency was increased with increasing the adsorbent dose. Adsorption isotherm studied showed that the data for adsorption of Acid Yellow 17 onto Multi walled carbon nanotubes and single walled carbon nanotubes fitted well with Langmuir and freundlich isotherms respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that the removal efficiency of single walled carbon nanotubes is significant than Multi walled carbon nanotubes, thus it's could be used as an effective adsorbent for removing dyes from textile waste waters.}, Keywords = {Multi walled carbon nanotubes, single walled carbon nanotubes, dye removal, Acid Yellow 17 dye}, volume = {15}, Number = {44}, pages = {9-23}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-42-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-42-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mansouri, Borhan and Maleki, Afshin and Rezaei, Zahid and Ali-Hossaeni, Masoud and Azadi, Nemamali and Pourdel, Mohammad Amin and Elhami, Hediye and Fakhrolkonaini, Seyede Gisia and Sharifzadeh, Sara and Hoseini, Rozhi}, title = {Survey of water fluoride and status of dmft and DMFT in elementary and medium school students in Kamiran Town}, abstract ={ABSTRACTBackground and Aim: Oral and dental health and collecting data on the prevalence of dental caries are among the most important aspects of individual health. Thus, it is necessary to determine community’s oral health status. Various epidemiological studies are required at different levels to assess the efficacy of preventive, oral and dental health control programs in a society. Thus, the aims of this study was survey of water fluoride and status of dmft and DMFT in elementary and medium school students in Kamiran Town.Material and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were collected through interview and dental clinical examination using disposable dental explorer, dental mirror, and a flash light. A total of 217 students aged 6 to 14 years were evaluated for their oral health status in Kamiran Town aspect of dmft and DMFT in 2014. Fluoride concentrations were detected by IC. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. T-test test was also used for analysis.  Results: The results of this study showed that the dmft mean in elementary school students for boys and girls were 4.76 and 6.20 respectively. The mean of DMFT for medium school students in boys and girls were 5.40 and 7.95 respectively. Moreover, the results of this study indicated that was significant between number of brush and dmft and DMFT in elementary and medium school students (p < 0.05). The concentration of fluoride in Kamiran Town water was 0.2 mg/l. Conclusion: The status of dmft and DMFT among elementary and medium school students of Kamiran Town students was higher than the WHO standards and other area. Thus, to improve the current situation, a proper programming seems necessary. Furthermore, more attention must be paid to the education of families about dental and oral health.}, Keywords = {Dental caries, dmft, dental and oral health, fluoride}, volume = {15}, Number = {44}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-41-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-41-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {kalani, navid and EslamiAkbar, Rasool and Kooti, Wesam and NooriAhmadAbadi, Mosayeb and zaremarzoni, Hadi}, title = {The study of depression prevalence among the students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 2013}, abstract ={Background: Depression is known as one of the four important diseases and the most prevalent disability as a result of disease across the world. Various medical students who are involved with maintaining mental and physical health of society are more vulnerable to this disorder due to their special position. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression among medical students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 2013-2014. Methods and Materials: This study was a cross-sectional study and was conducted on 360 university students at Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Data were obtained by Beck Depression Test and were analyzed by SPSS software version 15. Results: Results associated with the prevalence of depression in medical students based on the severity indicated that 47 students (13.1%) had moderate depression and 32 students (18.9%) had severe depression. Fisher's exact test did not indicate any significant statistical differences with regard to family history and depression (P = 0.21). Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the results of the present study, there is a necessity to adopt policies to reduce the factors contributing to the incidence of depression and its consequences would be prevented by a quick and timely diagnosis.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {15}, Number = {47}, pages = {58-66}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {nasirikalmarzy, rasool and sedaghat, abdollah and sedaghat, banafshe and irandoost, gholamreza and sayfmanesh, maryam and fattahi, nim}, title = {A 2 months old infant with severe combined immunodeficiency}, abstract ={Background: Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a primary Immunodeficiency syndrome which is created by diverse genetic mutations. It will lead to the absence of all adaptive immune functions in all affected patients and a lack of Natural Killer cells in some cases. Affected infants will almost always die before their second birthday, due to serious and intractable infections. The reasons of these infections are the opportunistic microorganisms which cause mild or self-limited diseases in immunocompetent hosts. If population-based newborn screening programs has not been established in a community (which is the case in many parts of the world), the best test for early diagnosis is the determination of Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) in peripheral blood. These patients are uniformly lymphopenic because normally T-cells constitute 70% of peripheral blood lymphocytes and patients lack or have extremely low number of them. Case report: We present a two month-old male infant with chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive and lymphopenia in which the result of examinations showed a rare type of immunodeficiency in which flow-cytometry of peripheral blood was consistent with T – B+ NK- variant of SCID}, Keywords = {Severe combined Immunodeficiency,Absolute lymphocyte count, Newborn Screening, flow-cytometry}, volume = {15}, Number = {47}, pages = {52-57}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Abedi, Mahya and Shahsavari, Sirus and Salehi, Roghayeh and HedayatiNia, Sima and Nasrollahi, Sorveh and Sadeghi, Shahram and Sayari, Fakhri and Heidari, zeynab}, title = {The study of prevalence and risk factors of hypothyroidism in newborn screening program in Sanandaj city in 2009 -2014}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine gland diseases in children. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can prevent irreversible effects. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hypothyroidism in the newborn babies in the screening program in Sanandaj city. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study has been done by using the available documents related to the newborn babies. List of sick infants was prepared. Considering the large number of the newborn babies in Sanandaj city from 2009 to 2014, for every sick infant four healthy ones who were similar in the year of birth, place of residence and age were selected. Having their check list, we referred to health centers and analyzed their family file. Results: The number of diagnosed sick infants in Sanandaj city screening was 156, of which 60 were girls (5/38%) and 96 were boys (3/61 %). There was statistical difference between the two groups of sick and healthy infants in terms of sex, family history of hypothyroidism, birth weight and height and jaundice at birth (p0.0001). Conclusion: The positive family history of hypothyroidism may be associated with congenital hypothyroidism. Moreover, Nutritional deficiency during pregnancy could be a risk factor for infant’s weight and height disturbances. It is recommended to consider these factors in all maternal care control forms.}, Keywords = {Hypothyroidism, risk factors, Sanandaj}, volume = {15}, Number = {47}, pages = {46-51}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Salehi, Roqhayeh and Shahsavari, Sirus and Nasrollahi, serveh and Sadeghi, Shahram and HedayatiNia, sima and Abedi, Mohaya and Sayari, Fakhri}, title = {The study of inclination of pregnant mothers to the mode of delivery in Bane city in 2014}, abstract ={Background: Termination of pregnancy with fetal and maternal health is the goal of delivery science. In order to achieve this goal the delivery should be done in a way that has the least level of risk. Since mothers are involved in choosing the mode of delivery, this study was aimed to determine the willingness of mothers for the mode of delivery. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 305 pregnant women in 2014 in Bane city. The random sampling method was used to select the pregnant women who referred to health centers. The information for pregnant women tendency for the mode of delivery were obtained through interviews with the mothers were recorded in the check list. Result: among the 305 studied pregnant women, 135 (3/44%) and 170 (7/55%) were interested in cesarean and natural childbirth respectively. There was no significant difference between the level of maternal education, maternal employment status, fear of pain, and fear of harm to the baby's birth and the tendency to the mode of delivery (P<0/001). However, there was a significant difference between the belief in the safety of cesarean delivery, gestational age and pregnancy history with selected delivery mode (P < 0/001). Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, the belief in safety of pregnancy and the number of pregnancies are the reasons for choosing cesarean mode of delivery. It is recommended that proper planning for education of mothers regarding the characteristics of both types of natural and cesarean be conducted and also better labor conditions and facilities be provided.}, Keywords = {pregnant women, Caesarean section, natural delivery.}, volume = {15}, Number = {47}, pages = {38-45}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {rezaei, zahed and Mansouri, Borhan and Pashaei, Tahereh and Ali-Hossaeni, Masoud and Habibi, Yazdan and GHaribi, Fardin and Alipour, Elham and Fayazi, Nilufar and Shah-Mahmoudi, Mohammad Reza and WaysiKhaneghah, Vahi}, title = {Survey of dmft status in elementary school students in Sanandaj City in 2014}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Oral and dental health and collecting data on the prevalence of dental caries are among the most important aspects of individual health. Thus, it is necessary to determine community’s oral health status. Various epidemiological studies are required at different levels to assess the efficacy of preventive, oral and dental health control programs in a society. Thus, the aims of this study was survey of water fluoride and status of dmft and DMFT in elementary and medium school students in Kamiran Town Material and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were collected through interview and dental clinical examination using disposable dental explorer, dental mirror, and a flash light. A total of 400 students aged 6 to 11 years were evaluated for their oral health status in Kamiran Town aspect of dmft in 2014. Fluoride concentrations were detected by IC. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. T-test test was also used for analysis. Results: The results of this study showed that the dmft mean in elementary school students for boys and girls were 3.59 and 3.67 respectively. Moreover, the results of this study indicated that was significant between number of brush and dmft in elementary school students (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The status of dmft among elementary school students of sanadaj City students was higher than the WHO standards and other area. Thus, to improve the current situation, a proper programming seems necessary. Furthermore, more attention must be paid to the education of families about dental and oral health. Keywords: Dental caries, dmft, dental and oral health.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {15}, Number = {47}, pages = {30-37}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Fathi, Fariba and Sohrabzadeh, Afsaneh and Sohrabzadeh, Kaveh and Zamani, Zahra and Rostmi, Zahr}, title = {A concentration of serum selenium in leishmaniasis patients compare to healthy subject in Tehran}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Aim: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that cause by protozoan parasites of the type of Leishmania. These parasites include the blood and tissue flagellates that can occur in different forms of leishmaniasis. Based on this, the term of leishmaniasis refers to a spectrum of diseases. Selenium is an essential element with important physiological role in the body. The purpose of this study was to compare serum selenium levels in Leishmaniasis patients in comparison with normal subjects. Material and Methods: The serum selenium levels of healthy and patient individuals with Cutaneous Leishmania were obtained by means of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. MATLAB version 8 performs statistical analysis in this study. Results: Statistical analysis in this research demonstrates that there is a significant differences between selenium concentration in the serum of patients with cutaneous leishmania and healthy people. The serum selenium levels are 61± 13 μg/l and 82 ± 7 μg / l for Coetaneous Leishmania and healthy people respectively. Conclusions: Selenium has antioxidant properties that can be used with respect to this property as an anti-inflammatory agent. Low levels of selenium can reduce the level of Glutathione Peroxides and this factor can reduce the serum selenium levels in leishmaniasis cases. Keywords: Coetaneous Leishmania, Selenium, Serum}, Keywords = {}, volume = {15}, Number = {47}, pages = {23-29}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {salehi, kamal and Moussavi, Seyede Parvin and Mansouri, Borhan and Gharibi, Fardi}, title = {Performance of Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes in Phosphor Removal from Aqueous Solutions: (Adsorption isotherm and kinetic study)}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Background: Phosphate discharges from domestic and industrial wastewater to water bodies, causing environmental problems such as eutrophication or algae bloom Therefore, it is necessary to treat those effluents prior to discharge into the environment. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phosphor adsorption from aqueous solution using Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes as a sorbent. Material and Methods: This study was performed experimentally in laboratory scale and in a batch system. characterized by analyzing scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, initial phosphor concentration, on initial phosphor removal were evaluated. The isotherm and kinetics of phosphor adsorption were studied. Result: The results showed that rising of pH and adsorbent dosage increased phosphor adsorption, whereas the phosphor adsorption decreased by phosphor concentration. Also The results data for adsorption of The phosphor adsorption onto Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes fitted well to Langmuir isotherm and maximum dye adsorption capacity (Q0) of Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes was 28.60mg/g. Pseudo-first, second-first order kinetics and Intraparticle diffusion models were adopted to evaluate data and elucidate the kinetics adsorption process. The experimental data fitted well to pseudo-second order kinetic model. Conclusion: The results showed that the Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes as a adsorbent with high adsorption capacity might be a suitable alternative to remove contamination.}, Keywords = {Keyword: Isotherms, Kinetics, Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes, phosphor}, volume = {15}, Number = {47}, pages = {10-22}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {SinkaKarimi, Mohammad Hosein and Hassanpour, Mehdi and Ahmadpour, Mohse}, title = {Concentration of selenium and vanadium in Clupeonella cultiventris caspia and Alosa caspia and their consumption risk assessment from southern coast Caspian Sea}, abstract ={ABSTRACTBackground and aims: Metals are important contaminations in aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic organisms such as fishes can used as an indicator of environment as a part of trophic levels due to absorb and accumulate of metals. Due to increase of Caspian Sea pollutions, in this study Caspian shad and Caspian tyulka were used as an indicator of Caspian Sea coast pollution. Also human health risk was determined. Materials & Methods: Fish specimens gain from southern coast of Caspian Sea in the Babolsar in 2013. Concentrations of selenium and vanadium were detected by atomic spectrophotometer. Human health risk was assessed by Target Hazard Quotients model (THQ). Results: Concentration of selenium significantly differ between skin and muscle in Aloza (p < 0.05). Interspecific concentration of vanadium in skin showed significantly difference (p < 0.05). Concentrations of selenium and vanadium between skin and muscle tissue were significantly difference (p < 0.05). THQ and total THQ were lower than one, that this issue can show no risk with current rate consumption rate for consumer in these regions.  Conclusion: It seems, selenium and vanadium concentrations haven’t any health problem. Results of this study can use in continues monitoring of Caspian Sea.}, Keywords = {Caspian tyulka, Caspian shad, Caspian Sea, selenium, vanadium}, volume = {15}, Number = {47}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Research Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.html}, eprint = {http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.pdf}, journal = {Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-3343}, eissn = {2476-325X}, year = {2015} }