2024-03-28T18:56:15+03:30 http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=2&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2-38 2024-03-28 10.1002
Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences Zanko J Med Sci 2383-3343 2476-325X 7 2014 15 45 Defined under the factors related to the effectiveness of teaching according to comments of Medical Sciences Students of Kurdistan University in 2013-2014 Neshat Mohammadzadeh neshat1m@ymail.com Ghazal Vaezi Zana Ramezani Mohammad Jaafar Rezaei Ghobad Moradi Daem Roshani AbstractBackground and Aim: Teaching is the process of transmission material by the teacher to the student based on the systematic and objective and specified program. Determine the effectiveness of teaching is the access level of professor to educational goals. Therefore, the aim of this study is defined under the factors related to the effectiveness of teaching according to comments of medical sciences students of Kurdistan University in the year 92-93. Materials and Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study that in the spring and summer of 93 was performance on 442 of Medical Sciences students of Kurdistan University that were choose randomly. Data collection tools were a questionnaire with 17 variables that included of demographic data and the most important factors related to effectiveness of teaching. In 5 domains that included of: Teaching Methods, Scholarships, methods of evaluation, Ability to communicate and Transfer content and individual characteristics. Descriptive purposes or Descriptive Statistics like mean and standard deviation and analytical purposes was tasted by, t-test, one way ANOVA, PEARSON Solidarity and SPSS22 Software. Results: The results of this study showed that from the perspective of the students in the area of teaching methods Allocate appropriate time with 61.5%, in the field of scholarship Master's degree with 58.5%, in the field of communication and transfer of contents Understandable language teaching and Official Languages with 64.7%, in the field of personal characteristics Lack of cultural discrimination gender and science with 62% and the field of the assessment Match the questions with the course content with 61.9% had most important. Conclusions: According to results of this study were more focused on the importance of individual characteristics in effectiveness of professor teaching that It shows Selection of university teachers should be based on having the required features for effective teaching. Also, using appropriate teaching methods, strengthening personal character and scholarships can be helped to improve the effectiveness of teaching and finally improve the quality of education. Teaching effectiveness Personal Characteristics Teaching methods Students 2014 9 01 67 75 http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-38-en.pdf
2-37 2024-03-28 10.1002
Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences Zanko J Med Sci 2383-3343 2476-325X 7 2014 15 45 Application of artificial neural network to modeling and optimization of removal of acid black1 using TiO2-Ni nanocoposite Kamal Salehi kamalsalehi1366@gmail.com Behzad Shahmoradi Afshin Maleki Borhan Mansouri Fardin Gharibi ABSTRACTBackground and Aim: Artificial Neural Network is non-liner mapping structure based on the function of the human brain. They are powerful tools for modelling, especially when the underlying data relationship is known. So, the aim of this study was the used of artificial neural network to modelling and optimization of removal of acid black1 using TiO2-Ni nanocoposite. Material and Methods: This study was an applied research in which TiO2-Ni nanocoposite was synthesized and its chemical properties was evaluated by SEM. For experiments design, predicting, and modeling dye removal were used taguchi method, Artifial Nerual Network (ANNs).  Result: The results showed that network with tan sigmoid transfer functions, Levenberg –Marquardt algorithm, one hidden layer and four neuron in hidden layer estimated better removal dye of acid black1. Conclusion: It is concluded that ANN model can estimate the behavior of the photocatalyst process under different experimental conditions. Acid Black 1 Artificial Neural Network TiO2-Ni Nanocoposite. 2014 9 01 56 66 http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-37-en.pdf
2-36 2024-03-28 10.1002
Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences Zanko J Med Sci 2383-3343 2476-325X 7 2014 15 45 Biosorption of copper (II) from aqueous environments by brownalgaePadinasp. and Colpomeniasp.: Investigation of adsorption isotherms Farzaneh Farahani fbfarahani@gmail.com Reza Khoshnodi Reza Saeidi Amin Mokhlisi ABSTRACTBackground and aims: Biosorption is an emerging technology for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. The major advantages of this technique are the reusability of biomaterial, low operating cost, improved selectivity for specific metals of interest, short operation time and no production of secondary compounds which might be toxic. Therefore, the aims of this study were to biosorption of copper (II) from aqueous environments by brown algae Padina sp. and Colpomenia sp. in a batch system. Methods: Freundlich, Langmuir, Freundlich-Langmuir, and Redlich-Peterson models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of copper (II) from aqueous environments by Padina sp. and Colpomenia sp.biomass. Moreover, isotherm experiments were conducted in initial ion concentrations 0.05-5 mm.  Results: The isotherm dataof copper (II) biosorption by both Padina sp. and Colpomenia sp. were found to be in the best fitness with the Redlich-Peterson equation (R2> 0.986). According to the Langmuir model, the maximum uptake capacities (qm) of copper (II) by Padina sp. and Colpomenia sp. were determined to be 1.06 and 0.97 mm, respectively. Conclusion: This investigation indicated that the studied algae had a high potential for full scale application for removal of copper (II) from industrial wastewater. Biosorption Copper (II) Padina sp. Colpomenia sp Isotherm 2014 9 01 42 55 http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-36-en.pdf
2-35 2024-03-28 10.1002
Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences Zanko J Med Sci 2383-3343 2476-325X 7 2014 15 45 The prevalence of nosocomial infection in ICU, Besat Hospital, Sanandaj City, Iran Pegah Shakib Hamid Lavakhamseh hamidlavakhamseh@gmail.com Bahman Mohammadi ABSTRACT  Introduction: Nosocomial infection usually occurs 48 hours after being admitted to hospital and a variety of bacteria are involved in the occurrence of these infections. The highest rates of nosocomial infection in intensive care are allocated between different segments. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit. Methods: The study was done in intensive care unit (ICU) in hospital in Sanandaj, in 2012-13 in patients that were hospitalized more than 48 hour based on CDC definition of nosocomial infection. Causative bacteria were isolated and identified with standard laboratory tests. Results: Patients who were admitted to hospital and more than 48 hours in ICU, 77 patients had nosocomial infections. Of these, 12.5, 6.3, 15, 7, 6, 14, 7 and 2 respectively, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter were isolated. Thus most of the isolated bacteria were Acinetobacter and Klebsiella isolates in the intensive care unit. Conclusion: The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care departments to identify factors causing these infections and identify weaknesses in the care of hospitalized patients is very important points in this section. Nosocomial infection intensive care unit prevalence 2014 9 01 36 41 http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-35-en.pdf
2-34 2024-03-28 10.1002
Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences Zanko J Med Sci 2383-3343 2476-325X 7 2014 15 45 Bioaccumulation of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in the muscle, gill, liver, and skin of common carp (C. carpio) and silver carp (H. molitrix) in Gheshlagh Dam in Sanandaj City Borhan Mansouri borhanmansouri@yahoo.com Farshid Majnoni Afshin Maleki Zahed Rezaei Namamali Azadi Fardin Gharibi ABSTRACTBackground: Contamination of aquatic ecosystems (e.g. lakes, rivers, streams, etc.) with metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful effects on human health and other organisms in the environment. Therefore, the aims of this study was investigation of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu bioaccumulation in the muscle, liver, gill, and skin of common carp (C. carpio) and silver carp (H. molitrix) in Gheshlagh Dam in Sanandaj City. Materials and Methods: The study was cross- sectional. A total of 30 fish individuals belonging to of common carp and silver carp were analyzed for Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Fe in the edible muscle, gill, liver, and skin organs, metal concentrations in the organs were given as µg g-1 wet weight. Metal concentrations were assayed using Shimadzu AA 6600 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 16 SPSS, Chicago, IL). Results: The results of this study showed that the highest and lowest metal concentrations were in gill and skin respectively. Moreover, the results of one-way ANOVA in two species showed that the difference was significant in Cd, Pb and Zn in the liver Zn in the gill Pb, Cr, and Zn in the muscle and Pb, Ni, and Zn in the muscle of both species (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the metal concentrations (exception Pb in H. molitrix) in muscle of common carp (C. carpio) and silver carp was lower than FAO standard, that these two fish species are health. Pollution Cd Pb Fish Gheshlagh Dam 2014 9 01 26 35 http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-34-en.pdf
2-33 2024-03-28 10.1002
Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences Zanko J Med Sci 2383-3343 2476-325X 7 2014 15 45 A study of the pollution of ten popular medicinal plants by heavy metals in Khoramabad (Iran) SA Hashemi M Rashidipour A Rahimi A Ghiasvand F Hosseini ABSTRACTBackground and Aim: Nowadays, pollution of soil and water resources by heavy metals has become a serious and extending problem. These pollutions may be absorbed by different agricultural products including medicinal plants and they may be consumed by humans. Due to the increasing use of medicinal plants, it is worth studying the possibility of pollution of these plants by heavy metals. The goal of this study is to investigate the pollution of popular medicinal herbs in Khoramabad by heavy metals.  Materials and Methods: Twenty three samples from ten medicinal plants with different origins were purchased from herbal medicine markets in Khoramabad. The heavy metals were extracted from the samples by leaching with nitric acid. Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and Hg was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Results & Conclusion: The results of the determination of heavy metals in the medicinal plants showed no evidence of a significant pollution of the samples by Cr, Cu, Pb and probably Hg. All the concentrations of these metals were beyond the dangerous levels. For Cd, on the other hand, some significant contaminations were observed in three of the studied samples. Medicinal plants heavy metals Khoramabad 2014 9 01 17 25 http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-33-en.pdf
2-32 2024-03-28 10.1002
Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences Zanko J Med Sci 2383-3343 2476-325X 7 2014 15 45 Comparison of four methods of DNA extraction from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria Babak Shahbazi Hanar Narenji hanar.narenji89@gmail.com AbstractBackground and Aim: DNA extraction is the first step in the genetic engineering research and obtains a suitable protocol for the preparation of a purified DNA which is essential. In this context, many manual and kit methods were provided. The aim of this study is to achieve a faster and low cost method for DNA extraction of Gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. We compared four DNA extraction methods, Kit extraction, phenol chloroform, using detergent laundry brand tag and boiling. Materials and Methods: In this study, bacterial suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae were produced similar to McFarland 0.5 turbidity. Bacterial DNA was extracted using four different methods and three times for each. Using spectrophotometer and gel electrophoresis were measured concentrations and quality of DNA extraction product accordingly. In order to evaluate the efficiency of DNA extraction method, PCR, ERIC PCR and REP-PCR were performed on some of housekeeping genes downstream regions. Results: The concentration of the extracted DNA and results of PCR, ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR were different between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria significantly (P< 0.05). ERIC PCR and REP-PCR efficiency of the boiling and chloroform extraction methods was disrupted only in ERIC PCR. No deficiency was observed in Sinagen kit method. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that despite the availability and lower cost of manual methods, these methods can be substitute for kit method. PCR REP-PCR ERIC PCR Bacterial DNA extraction 2014 9 01 9 16 http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-32-en.pdf
2-31 2024-03-28 10.1002
Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences Zanko J Med Sci 2383-3343 2476-325X 7 2014 15 45 The effect of colloidal silver nanoparticles on histopathology of zebra fish (Danio rerio) gill Borhan Mansouri borhanmansouri@yahoo.com Seyed Ali Johari Abstract Background and Aim: Nowadays, due to the wide applications of silver nanoparticles increased them into the environment. In this context, the arrival of these nanomaterials to the environment has the potential to impact on living organisms, including fish. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the effect of silver nanoparticles on gill histological of zebra fish (Danio rerio).Methods: In this study, three non-lethal concentrations of silver nanoparticles were used that included 0.25, 0.1, and 0.05 mg/l also control group was considered. For studies of classic histological, the samples were prepared and stained by haematoxylin - eosin, and finally was imagined by light microscopy. Results: Histopathological studies of gill tissue showed that the silver nanoparticles on gill tissue cause some impact such as secondary bending blades, blades secondary hypertrophy, increased mucus secretion, fusion in the secondary lamellae, hyperplasia and eventually necrosis increases. Although histological changes in gill tissue were observed in all groups, but the severity of these changes increased with increasing concentration of silver nanoparticles.Conclusion: Due to changes in zebra fish gill tissue at different concentrations of silver nanoparticles in comparison with the control group, such as hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and ultimately necrosis, it can be said that silver nanoparticles can have considerable effects on fish gill tissue. Pathology studies can be simple and convenient tool to assess the impact of environmental pollutants on fish used. Histopathology hypertrophy necrosis silver nanoparticles zebra Fish 2014 9 01 1 8 http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-31-en.pdf